| 周宵1,2，李培旺1,3，肖志红1，李昌珠1，杨艳1，蒋丽娟2，盛克寨4，
谢红军5，陈韵竹1，陈景震1,3.无患子果实发育过程中油脂积累及脂肪酸动态变化分析[J].中国油脂,2026,51(7):.[ZHOU Xiao1,2, LI Peiwang1,3, XIAO Zhihong1, LI Changzhu1, YANG Yan1,
JIANG Lijuan2, SHENG Kezhai4, XIE Hongjun5,
CHEN Yunzhu1, CHEN Jingzhen1,3.Analysis of oil accumulation and fatty acid dynamic changes in Sapindus mukorossi fruits development[J].China Oils and Fats,2026,51(7):.] |
| 无患子果实发育过程中油脂积累及脂肪酸动态变化分析 |
| Analysis of oil accumulation and fatty acid dynamic changes in Sapindus mukorossi fruits development |
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投稿时间：2025-07-14 修订日期：2026-03-15 录用日期：2025-07-28
出版日期：2026-07-20
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.250331 |
| 中文关键词: 无患子 油脂积累规律 不饱和脂肪酸 果实发育 |
| 英文关键词:Sapindus mukorossi oil accumulation pattern unsaturated fatty acid fruit development |
| 基金项目:湖南省重大科技创新平台项目（2024PT0001）；长沙市科技计划“揭榜挂帅”重大科技项目（2022sfq53）；湖湘高层次人才聚集工程 (2023RC4013)；长沙市自然科学基金（kq2208098， kq2208099）；国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFB4205901）；湖南省林业科学院国家光皮树、山苍子良种基地项目 |
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| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHOU Xiao1,2, LI Peiwang1,3, XIAO Zhihong1, LI Changzhu1, YANG Yan1,
JIANG Lijuan2, SHENG Kezhai4, XIE Hongjun5,
CHEN Yunzhu1, CHEN Jingzhen1,3 | 1.State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resource Utilization, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
2.College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha
410002, China
3.Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Utilization Science for
Southern Woody Oilseed, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
4.Hunan Soapberry Agroforestry Development Co. , Ltd. , Changde 415000, Hunan, China
5.Hongjiang Forestry Bureau, Huaihua 418116, Hunan, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 旨在为无患子资源的高效利用提供参考，探究了无患子果实发育过程中油脂积累及脂肪酸动态变化规律。选择不同发育阶段〔开花后10~160 d（10~160 DAF）〕的无患子果实作为原料，测定了果实百粒鲜质量、果肉和种仁含油率，采用气相色谱法测定了果实不同发育阶段种仁油和果肉油的脂肪酸组成及含量，并分析了果实百粒鲜质量、果肉和种仁含油率与油脂脂肪酸含量之间的相关性。结果表明：无患子果实发育呈“S”型曲线变化，划分为缓慢增大期（10~40 DAF）、快速膨大期（40~90 DAF）、变色期（90~130 DAF）和成熟期（13~160 DAF），从发育到成熟历经约130 d；无患子种仁和果肉中的油脂则分别呈“S”和双“W”型积累，含油率分别在130 DAF（30.65%）和160 DAF（096%）达到最高。无患子种仁油和果肉油分别检出20种和15种脂肪酸，均以长链和不饱和脂肪酸为主。其中，种仁油脂肪酸相对含量呈规律性变化；果实成熟后，种仁油以油酸和亚麻酸为主，果肉油以花生二烯酸和油酸为主。相关性分析表明，种仁油脂积累与果实发育进程密切相关。综上，建议无患子果实在130 DAF后进行采摘以确保较好的果实质量和油脂积累。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to provide references for the high utilization of Sapindus mukorossi, the patterns of oil accumulation and fatty acid dynamic changes in fruit development were studied with fruits collected at different developmental stages of 10-160 d after flowering (10-160 DAF) used as materials. Hundred-fresh fruit weight, and the oil contents in the pulp and kernel were determined. The fatty acid composition and contents of kernel oil and pulp oil at different developmental stages were determined by gas chromatography, and correlations among hundred-fresh fruit weight, oil content, and fatty acid contents were analyzed. The results showed that fruit development followed an S-shaped curve and could be divided into four stages: a slow growth stage (10-40 DAF), a rapid expansion stage (40-90 DAF), a color-change stage (90-130 DAF), and a maturity stage (130-160 DAF), with a total development period of approximately 130 d. Oil accumulation in the kernel and pulp exhibited an S-shaped and a double W-shaped pattern, respectively, reaching maximum at 130 DAF (30.65%) for kernel oil and 160 DAF (0.96%) for pulp oil. A total of 20 and 15 fatty acids were detected in kernel oil and pulp oil, respectively, and both were dominated by long-chain and unsaturated fatty acids. The relative contents of fatty acids in kernel oil changed in a regular manner. At fruit maturity, kernel oil was dominated by C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 3, whereas pulp oil contained the highest contents of C20∶ 2 and C18∶ 1. Correlation analysis indicated that kernel oil accumulation was closely associated with the fruit developmental process. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest Sapindus mukorossi fruit after 130 DAF to ensure optimal fruit weight and oil accumulation. |
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