| 侯靖1,2，卢跃鹏1,2，周晓婷1,2，赵礼阳1,2，刘沁颖1,2，刘梦婷3.市售植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯
污染水平研究[J].中国油脂,2024,49(9):.[HOU Jing1,2, LU Yuepeng1,2, ZHOU Xiaoting1,2, ZHAO Liyang1,2,
LIU Qinying1,2, LIU Mengting3.Pollution level of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in vegetable oil on the market[J].China Oils and Fats,2024,49(9):.] |
| 市售植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯
污染水平研究 |
| Pollution level of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in vegetable oil on the market |
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.230183 |
| 中文关键词: 植物油 氯丙醇酯 缩水甘油酯 油脂精炼 豆甾二烯 |
| 英文关键词:vegetable oil chloropropanol ester glycidyl ester oil refining stigmastadiene |
| 基金项目:湖北省食品药品监督管理局2018—2019年度科研项目(201802009)；武汉食品化妆品检验所科研计划项目（SNLX-202302） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了调查市售植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯污染情况并为市场监管和行业质量提升提供技术依据，采用13C同位素稀释-气相色谱-串联质谱法，对市售13种共48批次植物油样品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）酯、2-氯-1,3-丙二醇（2-MCPD）酯和缩水甘油酯含量进行检测，采用气相色谱-质谱法对植物油中豆甾二烯含量进行检测，分析氯丙醇酯、缩水甘油酯和豆甾二烯含量之间的相关性，并考察精炼工序（脱色、脱臭）对植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯含量的影响。结果表明：所采用的氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯检测方法平均回收率为102.0%~110.4%，相对标准偏差小于或等于11.10%，且该方法测试结果均为满意；39批次样品中3-MCPD酯含量超过100 μg/kg，范围为126~4 252 μg/kg，超过欧盟限量的有1批次，超标率为2.1%；32批次样品中2-MCPD酯含量超过100 μg/kg，范围为101~2 192 μg/kg；34批次样品中缩水甘油酯含量超过100 μg/kg，范围为109~4 593 μg/kg，超过欧盟限量的有6批次，超标率为12.5%；未精炼油脂（豆甾二烯含量小于01 mg/kg）中氯丙醇酯与缩水甘油酯含量均在定量限（100 μg/kg）以下；3-MCPD酯含量与2-MCPD酯含量之间具有明显的相关性，而与缩水甘油酯、豆甾二烯含量之间不具有相关性，缩水甘油酯含量与豆甾二烯含量之间同样不具有相关性；精炼过程，特别是脱臭过程会导致氯丙醇酯与缩水甘油酯的产生。综上，市售植物油中缩水甘油酯污染情况相对较为严重，其污染原因与植物油精炼过程有关，需要引起重视。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the pollution of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in commercially available vegetable oils and to provide technical basis for market regulation and quality improvement of the industry, 13C isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was used to analyse the contents of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) esters, 2-chloro-1,3-propanediol (2-MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in a total of 48 batches of 13 types of vegetable oils available in the market, stigmastadiene content was measured by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the correlation between chloropropanol esters, glycidyl esters and stigmastadiene contents, and the effects of refining processes (bleaching and deodorization) on the contents of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters were investigated. The results showed that the average recoveries of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters were 102.0%-110.4% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) less than or equal to 11.10%, and the results of this method were satisfactory. The content of 3-MCPD esters in 39 batches exceeded 100 μg/kg, ranging from 126 μg/kg to 4 252 μg/kg and one batch exceeded the EU limit, with an exceeding rate of 2.1%. The content of 2-MCPD esters in 32 batches exceeded 100 μg/kg, ranging from 101 μg/kg to 2 192 μg/kg. The content of glycidyl esters in 34 batches exceeded 100 μg/kg, ranging from 109 μg/kg to 4 593 μg/kg, and 6 batches exceeded the EU limit, with an exceeding rate of 12.5%. The contents of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in unrefined oils (with a content of stigmastadiene less than 0.1 mg/kg) were both below the limit of quantification (100 μg/kg). There was a significant correlation between 3-MCPD esters content and 2-MCPD esters content while there was no correlation between 3-MCPD esters content, glycidyl esters content and stigmastadiene content, and no correlation between glycidyl esters content and stigmastadiene content. The refining process, especially the deodorization process, led to the production of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters. In conclusion, the pollution of glycidyl esters in vegetable oils on the market is relatively serious, and the cause of pollution is related to the refining process of vegetable oils, which needs to be paid attention to. |
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