| 姜碧若1，刘书成2，杨静媚1，刘玲玲1，毕艳兰2.菜籽油酶法脱胶工艺优化及其对脱胶油品质与组成的影响[J].中国油脂,2025,50(9):.[JIANG Biruo1, LIU Shucheng2, YANG Jingmei1, LIU Lingling1, BI Yanlan2.Optimization of enzymatic degumming process of rapeseed oil and its effect on the quality and composition of degummed oil[J].China Oils and Fats,2025,50(9):.] |
| 菜籽油酶法脱胶工艺优化及其对脱胶油品质与组成的影响 |
| Optimization of enzymatic degumming process of rapeseed oil and its effect on the quality and composition of degummed oil |
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.240493 |
| 中文关键词: 酶法脱胶 菜籽油 品质分析 磷脂组成 |
| 英文关键词:enzymatic degumming rapeseed oil quality analysis phospholipid composition |
| 基金项目:企业合作项目（193H2023LY193） |
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| Author Name | Affiliation | | JIANG Biruo1, LIU Shucheng2, YANG Jingmei1, LIU Lingling1, BI Yanlan2 | 1.China Storage Grain Oil Industry Dongguan Co. , Ltd. , Dongguan 523147, Guangdong, China
2.College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 旨在为工业酶法脱胶提供参考，以菜籽原油为原料，以脱胶油磷含量为指标，通过单因素实验和正交实验对菜籽油复合磷脂酶（磷脂酶A1和A2）脱胶工艺进行了优化，并对酶法脱胶油与水化脱胶油和酸法脱胶油的质量指标、甘油酯组成、脂肪酸组成、磷脂组成、金属元素含量进行了对比。结果表明：菜籽油复合磷脂酶脱胶的最优工艺条件为脱胶温度40 ℃、柠檬酸（质量浓度0.45 g/mL）添加量0.15 mL/100 g（以菜籽油质量计）、复合磷脂酶添加量200 U/100 g(以菜籽油质量计，其中磷脂酶A1和A2酶活比1∶ 1）、脱胶时间150 min，在此条件下可将菜籽油的磷含量由493.35 mg/kg降低至1.08 mg/kg，脱胶效率达99.78%，280 ℃加热试验合格；酶法脱胶油的磷含量显著低于水化脱胶油和酸法脱胶油，得率显著高于酸法脱胶油；酶法脱胶前后菜籽油的脂肪酸组成及含量无明显改变，甘油酯组成有显著变化；酶法脱胶对金属元素的脱除效果与酸法脱胶相当。综上，复合磷脂酶（磷脂酶A1和A2）可以应用于菜籽油的脱胶，且脱胶效果优于常规脱胶方法。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To provide a reference for industrial enzymatic degumming, crude rapeseed oil was used as raw material, the phosphorus content in the degummed oil was used as an indicator, the degumming process with a complex phospholipase (phospholipase A1 and A2) was optimized through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. In addition, the quality indicators, glyceride composition, fatty acid composition, phospholipid composition, and metal element content of the oil obtained by enzymatic degumming were compared with those in the oil obtained by hydration degumming and acid degumming. The results showed that the optimum enzymatic degumming conditions were as follows: degumming temperature 40 ℃, citric acid (mass concentration 0.45 g/mL) dosage 0.15 mL/100 g( based on the mass of rapeseed oil), enzyme dosage 200 U/100 g (based on the mass of rapeseed oil, with a 1∶ 1 enzyme activity ratio of phospholipase A1 to A2), degumming time 150 min. Under these conditions, the phosphorus content in rapeseed oil could be reduced from 493.35 mg/kg to 1.08 mg/kg, achieving a degumming efficiency of 99.78%. and the heating test at 280 ℃ was qualified. The phosphorus content in the oil obtained by enzymatic degumming was significantly lower than in the oil obtained by hydration degumming and acid degumming, and the yield was significantly higher than the oil obtained by acid degumming. There was no significant change in the fatty acid composition and content of the rapeseed oil before and after enzymatic degumming, but there were significant changes in the glyceride composition. The effect of enzymatic degumming on the removal of metal elements was similar to that of acid degumming. In conclusion, the complex phospholipase (phospholipase A1 and A2) can be applied to the degumming of rapeseed oil, and the degumming effect is superior to conventional degumming methods. |
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