| 康专苗1，郭广正1，蔡虎1，王代谷1，曾辉2，王文林3，宋喜梅2，
涂行浩2，陶亮4，耿建建4，熊晓晖5.黔澳系列澳洲坚果优良单株品质性状与营养成分分析[J].中国油脂,2025,50(9):.[KANG Zhuanmiao1, GUO Guangzheng1, CAI Hu1, WANG Daigu1, ZENG Hui2,
WANG Wenlin3, SONG Ximei2, TU Xinghao2, TAO Liang4,
GENG Jianjian4, XIONG Xiaohui5.Analysis of quality traits and nutrient composition of excellent single plants of Qian′ao series of macadamia[J].China Oils and Fats,2025,50(9):.] |
| 黔澳系列澳洲坚果优良单株品质性状与营养成分分析 |
| Analysis of quality traits and nutrient composition of excellent single plants of Qian′ao series of macadamia |
| |
| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.240353 |
| 中文关键词: 澳洲坚果 果实品质 矿质元素 脂肪酸 氨基酸 |
| 英文关键词:macadamia fruit quality mineral element fatty acid amino acid |
| 基金项目:3个澳洲坚果优良单株种苗繁育及区域试验研究（黔林科合\[2025\]07号）；澳洲坚果新品种区域试验林管护及种质引进（2025-GZZM-KBM-01）；贵州山地澳洲坚果育种长期科研基地（2020132540）；望谟县油桐国家林木种质资源库补助项目 |
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| Author Name | Affiliation | | KANG Zhuanmiao1, GUO Guangzheng1, CAI Hu1, WANG Daigu1, ZENG Hui2,
WANG Wenlin3, SONG Ximei2, TU Xinghao2, TAO Liang4,
GENG Jianjian4, XIONG Xiaohui5 | 1.Institute of Subtropical Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China
2.Institute of
South Subtropical Crops, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091 , Guangdong,
China
3.Guangxi Institute of South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences, Chongzuo 532400, Guangxi, China
4.Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crop Science, Xishuangbanna 666100,Yunnan, China
5.Jiangxi Agricultural
Technology Extension Center，Nanchang 330027, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为进一步了解黔澳系列（‘黔澳1号’‘黔澳2号’和‘黔澳3号’）澳洲坚果优良单株品质性状与营养成分，为其选育和深加工利用提供科学依据，以贵州省审定的澳洲坚果良种Own Choice（O.C）为对照，测定4个种质材料的果实外观性状，果仁粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、可溶性糖、矿质元素含量，果仁脂肪酸和游离氨基酸组成及含量。结果表明：‘黔澳1号’和‘黔澳3号’的带皮鲜果质量、果实横径、带壳鲜果质量、带壳鲜果横径、带壳鲜果纵径、带壳干果质量、果仁干质量表现优于O.C，‘黔澳2号’的出种率、出仁率和带壳鲜果横径表现优于O.C，且果皮与果壳厚度比O.C小；‘黔澳1号’‘黔澳2号’和‘黔澳3号’果仁干质量、出仁率、带壳鲜果横径、带壳鲜果纵径均符合NY/T 2667.7—2016澳洲坚果品种审定基本要求；黔澳系列3个种质果仁的可溶性糖含量均高于O.C的，粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、B含量与O.C的无显著差异，多不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著高于O.C的，‘黔澳2号’果仁必需氨基酸含量最高，且显著高于O.C的。综上，黔澳系列3个澳洲坚果种质品质较好，可作为贵州本土品种选育过程中重点关注的种质材料。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The aim is to further understand the quality traits and nutrient composition of excellent single plants of Qian′ao series (Qian′ao No.1, No.2 and No.3) macadamia, and provide scientific basis for selection and deep processing utilization. With Own Choice（O.C）, a good variety of macadamia validated in Guizhou Province, as the control, and the fruit appearance traits and kernel crude fat, crude protein, soluble sugar, mineral element contents,and fatty acid and free amino acid composition and contents of the four germplasm materials were determined. The results showed that the fresh mass of skinned fruit, transverse diameter of fruit, fresh mass of shelled fruit, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of fresh shelled fruit, dry mass of shelled fruit and dry mass of single kernel of Qian′ao No.1 and Qian′ao No.3 performed better than O.C. The seed yield, kernel yield and transverse diameter of fresh shelled fruit of Qian′ao No.2 performed better than O.C, and the peel and shell were thinner than O.C. Dry mass of single kernel, kernel yield, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of fresh shelled fruit of Qian′ao No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 were in line with the basic requirements of variety certification in NY/T 2667.7-2016.The soluble sugar content of the three germplasms of Qian′ao series was higher than that of O.C, the contents of crude protein, crude fat, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and B were not significantly different from those of O.C, and the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher than those of O.C. The contents of essential amino acids of Qian′ao No.2 were the highest and significantly higher than those of O.C. In conclusion, the three macadamia germplasms of Qian′ao series are of good quality and can be used as germplasm materials to be emphasized in the selection and breeding process of local varieties in Guizhou Province. |
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