| 石自慧1，刘晓燕1,2，刘含1，吴楚1，马立威1.不同加工方式对山桐子油中有益脂质伴随物的影响[J].中国油脂,2025,50(10):.[SHI Zihui1, LIU Xiaoyan1,2,LIU Han1,WU Chu1,MA Liwei1.Effects of different processing methods on beneficial lipid concomitants in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. Oil[J].China Oils and Fats,2025,50(10):.] |
| 不同加工方式对山桐子油中有益脂质伴随物的影响 |
| Effects of different processing methods on beneficial lipid concomitants in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. Oil |
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出版日期：
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.240472 |
| 中文关键词: 山桐子油 干燥方式 提油工艺 油脂精炼 脂质伴随物 |
| 英文关键词:Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil drying treatment oil extraction process oil refining lipid concomitants |
| 基金项目:贵州省特色林业产业科研项目（贵\[2022\]TSLY03）；2022年贵阳学院硕士研究生科研创新计划项目（GYU-YJS\[2022\]-39） |
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| Author Name | Affiliation | | SHI Zihui1, LIU Xiaoyan1,2,LIU Han1,WU Chu1,MA Liwei1 | 1.College of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
2.National Forestry Grassland Engineering Research Center for Idesia Polycarpa Maxim.
Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, Guiyang 550005, China |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1322 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 旨在为高品质山桐子油加工工艺的选择提供依据，探究了山桐子油加工过程中不同生产工艺对其有益脂质伴随物含量的影响规律，揭示了关键工艺与脂质伴随物保留率之间的内在关联。以同一批山桐子果实为原料，对其进行不同干燥处理（热风、真空微波、红外辐射），采用不同提油方式（压榨法、溶剂浸提法、水酶法）提油，并对原油进行脱胶、脱酸、脱色、脱臭、脱蜡等精炼工序，测定不同干燥方式、提油方式、精炼工序山桐子油中多酚、黄酮、生育酚、角鲨烯、β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜素含量。对上述指标进行主成分分析（PCA）及聚类热图分析。结果表明：3种干燥方式中，红外辐射干燥更有利于山桐子中多酚、黄酮、角鲨烯、 β-胡萝卜素的溶出，真空微波干燥更有利于山桐子中β-谷甾醇和生育酚的溶出；3种提油方式中，相较于溶剂浸提法，水酶法和压榨法的脂质伴随物保留率更高，且水酶法可以更好地保留山桐子油中多酚、黄酮、角鲨烯，三者含量较压榨法分别高541.62%、91.35%、19.17%；精炼各工序均会对脂质伴随物含量造成一定损失，精炼后山桐子油中多酚、黄酮、α-生育酚、 β-生育酚、δ-生育酚、 β-谷甾醇、角鲨烯和β-胡萝卜素含量分别损失46.05%、4054%、23.34%、33.23%、62.56%、9542%、38.39%和100%。PCA结果显示，不同干燥方式中真空微波干燥山桐子油综合得分最高，不同提油方式中压榨法山桐子油综合得分最高，精炼工序中随精炼程度的加深山桐子油综合得分逐渐下降，其中脱酸工序山桐子油综合得分变化最大。聚类热图分析结果显示，黄酮与β-谷甾醇（p<0.01，r=0.83）、β-谷甾醇与β-胡萝卜素（p<0.01，r=0.89）、α-生育酚与β-生育酚（p<0.01，r=0.82）、β-生育酚与δ-生育酚（p<001，r=0.90）呈极显著正相关。综上，不同加工方式对山桐子油中有益脂质伴随物含量存在影响，实际生产过程中可针对不同场景、不同需求，选择适宜的生产工艺。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To provide a basis for selecting optimal processing methods for Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil, the effects laws of various production processes on the content of beneficial lipid concomitants in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil were investigated, and the intrinsic relationships between key processes and the retention rate of these concomitants were uncovered. Using the same batch of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. fruit as raw material, different drying treatments (hot air, vacuum microwave, infrared radiation) were applied, along with various oil extraction methods (pressing, solvent extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis method). The crude oil was then refined through processes such as degumming, deacidification, decolorization, deodorization, and dewaxing. The contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, tocopherol, squalene, β-sitosterol, and β-carotene in the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil under different drying, extraction, and refining conditions were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster heat map analysis were conducted on the above indicators. The results indicated that among the three drying methods, infrared radiation drying was more effective for extracting polyphenols, flavonoids, squalene, and β-carotene from Idesia polycarpa Maxim. fruit. Vacuum microwave drying was more effective for extracting β-sitosterol and tocopherol. Among the three oil extraction methods, compared to solvent extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis and pressing methods retained higher levels of lipid concomitants,and enzymatic hydrolysis preserved polyphenols, flavonoids, and squalene in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil better, with their contents being 541.62%,9135%, and 19.17% higher than those obtained by pressing method. Each refining process resulted in a certain loss of lipid concomitants, with the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, β-sitosterol, squalene, and β-carotene in refined Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil decreasing by 46.05%,40.54%,23.34%,33.23%,62.56%,9542%,38.39% and 100%, respectively. PCA results showed that among the different drying methods, vacuum microwave drying had the highest overall score for Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil. Among the different oil extraction methods, pressing had the highest overall score for Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil. During the refining process of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil, the overall score rogressively declined with the increase of refining intensity, and the deacidification process showed the greatest variation in overall score. The cluster heat map analysis revealed that there were significantly positively correlation in flavonoids and β-sitosterol (p<0.01, r=083), β-sitosterol and β-carotene (p<0.01, r=0.89), α-tocopherol and β-tocopherol (p<0.01, r=0.82), and β-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol (p<0.01, r=0.90). In summary, different processing methods affect the content of beneficial lipid concomitants in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. oil. In actual production, appropriate production processes can be selected based on specific scenarios and needs. |
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