| 刘海1， 胡蕖1， 郭少海1， 朱亚艳1， 赵奂敦2， 宁选争2， 王港1.不同成熟度威宁短柱油茶果实的主要经济性状
和营养成分分析及评价[J].中国油脂,2026,52(2):.[LIU Hai1， HU Qu1， GUO Shaohai1， ZHU Yayan1， ZHAO Huandun2，
NING Xuanzheng2， WANG Gang1.Analysis and evaluation of main economic traits and nutritional components of Camellia weiningensis fruits with different maturity stages[J].China Oils and Fats,2026,52(2):.] |
| 不同成熟度威宁短柱油茶果实的主要经济性状
和营养成分分析及评价 |
| Analysis and evaluation of main economic traits and nutritional components of Camellia weiningensis fruits with different maturity stages |
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投稿时间：2024-11-14 修订日期：2025-08-17 录用日期：2025-01-07
出版日期：2026-02-20
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.240654 |
| 中文关键词: 威宁短柱油茶 成熟度 经济性状 营养成分 脂肪酸组成 主成分分析 |
| 英文关键词:Camellia weiningensis maturity economic traits nutritional components fatty acid composition principal component analysis |
| 基金项目:贵州省林业科研项目（黔林科合〔2022〕15号）；中央林业草原改革发展资金项目（贵〔2024〕TG25号）；中央财政林业改革发展资金项目（贵〔2022〕TG01号）；贵州省科技平台项目（黔科合服企〔2018〕4003号，黔科合平台人才〔2019〕5643号）；贵州科研项目（黔科合基础-ZK〔2024〕重点091） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1377 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 旨在为威宁短柱油茶果实的适时采收提供参考依据，研究了不同成熟度威宁短柱油茶果实的主要经济性状和营养成分变化，并评价其加工适应性。以威宁短柱油茶的未成熟果（成熟期提前15 d采摘），成熟期的未开裂果、初开裂果和全开裂果，以及采后开裂果作为分析对象，测定果实经济性状、微量营养成分和脂肪酸组成，并应用主成分分析法进行综合评价。结果表明：与未成熟果相比，成熟期的果实具有较高的干籽质量、干果质量和种仁含油率；随着成熟度的增加，鲜籽和果壳的水分含量呈下降趋势，鲜果出鲜籽率呈上升趋势；与未成熟果相比，全开裂果种仁中β-谷甾醇、角鲨烯、总酚含量显著降低，而α-生育酚含量显著升高（p＜0.05）；与未开裂果相比，采后开裂果种仁中β-谷甾醇、角鲨烯、总酚含量分别降低33.88%、34.95%和14.94%，生育酚含量无显著变化（p＞0.05）；油茶籽油中油酸和亚油酸相对含量受成熟度影响较为明显（p＜0.05），未开裂果油脂中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高；主成分分析综合评分由高到低依次为全开裂果、初开裂果、采后开裂果、未开裂果和未成熟果。综上，不同成熟度威宁短柱油茶果实经济性状、微量营养成分和脂肪酸组成均存在一定差异，成熟期的全开裂果综合得分最高，具有良好的加工适应性，有利于油茶籽油生产成本降低和效益提升。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to provide a reference basis for the timely harvesting of Camellia weiningensis fruits(CWFs), variations in key economic traits and nutrient components of CWFs at different maturity stages were investigated, and their processing suitability was evaluated. With unripe fruits(URFs) picked 15 d before the expected ripening date, un-cracked ripe fruits(UCRFs), slightly cracked ripe fruits(SCRFs), fully cracked ripe fruits(FCRFs), and UCRFs that naturally air-dry to crack at room temperature(ACRFs) as analysis objects, the economic traits, micronutrients, and fatty acid compositions were measured. A principal component analysis was employed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that ripe fruits showed higher dry seed mass, dry fruit mass, and oil content in kernels compared to unripe ones. As maturity advanced, moisture contents in fresh seeds and shells declined while the fresh seed yield increased. Compared with URFs, the contents of β-sitosterol, squalene, and total phenols in the kernels of FCRFs decreased significantly, while the content of α-tocopherol increased significantly (p<0.05). Compared with UCRFs, ACRFs had reductions of 33.88%, 34.95%, and 14.94% respectively in β-sitosterol, squalene, and total phenols in kernels; no significant change (p>0.05) occurred in α-tocopherol. The relative contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid were markedly influenced by maturity stage (p<0.05), with that of unsaturated fatty acid reaching peak levels in UCRFs. Principal component analysis ranked fruit samples as follows in descending order of composite scores: FCRFs, SCRFs, ACRFs, UCRFs, and URFs. In conclusion, there are considerable disparities in economic traits, micronutrients, and fatty acid composition among fruits at different maturity stages. FCRFs scores highest in the comprehensive assessment, indicating superior processing adaptability, which is conducive to reducing the production cost and enhancing the profitability in camellia seed oil. |
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