| 郑丽莉，李丹，徐莉群，王兴国，韦伟.基于UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS技术的母乳鞘磷脂
和神经酰胺的组成及分子结构分析[J].中国油脂,2026,52(2):.[ZHENG Lili, LI Dan, XU Liqun,WANG Xingguo, WEI Wei.Composition and molecular structure analysis of sphingomyelin and ceramide in human milk by UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS[J].China Oils and Fats,2026,52(2):.] |
| 基于UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS技术的母乳鞘磷脂
和神经酰胺的组成及分子结构分析 |
| Composition and molecular structure analysis of sphingomyelin and ceramide in human milk by UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS |
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投稿时间：2025-02-12 修订日期：2025-10-23 录用日期：2025-03-27
出版日期：2026-02-20
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.250062 |
| 中文关键词: 乳脂；鞘磷脂；神经酰胺 分子结构；脂肪酸；UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS |
| 英文关键词:milk fat sphingomyelin ceramide molecular structure fatty acid UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1015 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为加深对母乳脂乳脂肪球膜（MFGM）中鞘磷脂（SM）和神经酰胺（Cer）结构和功能的了解，采用超高效超临界流体色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS）分析了初乳（1~5 d）、过渡乳（6~15 d）以及成熟乳（> 15 d）3个阶段共90例母乳样本中极性脂组成、SM和Cer的分子组成及其脂肪酸分布特征。结果表明：母乳中共检测出11种极性脂，主要为胆固醇（CHOL）、Cer、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）、磷脂酰胆碱（PC）和SM，SM和Cer含量分别为4.20~4.38 mg/100 mL和 6.87~7.20 mg/100 mL，二者的含量随哺乳期延长无显著变化，但相对含量随哺乳期延长而升高，其中SM相对含量从初乳的11.91%增至成熟乳的13.20%，Cer相对含量从初乳的18.67%增至成熟乳的21.99%；母乳中共鉴定出30种SM分子和29种Cer分子，SM分子中SM d18∶ 1/24∶ 1含量最高，Cer分子中Cer d18∶ 1/24∶ 1含量最高；SM和Cer中分别鉴定出18种和16种脂肪酸，其中神经酸含量均最高，分别占SM和Cer总脂肪酸含量的36.57%和47.14%。SM和Cer中独特的脂肪酸组成和高含量的神经酸特征可能是对婴儿生长发育产生积极影响的关键。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To deepen the understanding of the structure and function of sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramide (Cer) in the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) of human milk, ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed to analyze the polar lipid composition, molecular profiles of SM and Cer, and their fatty acid distribution characteristics in 90 human milk samples across three lactation stages colostrum (1-5 d), transitional milk (6-15 d), and mature milk (>15 d). The results revealed that a total of 11 polar lipids were detected in human milk, primarily consisting of cholesterol (CHOL), Cer, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and SM. The contents of SM and Cer ranged from 4.20 mg/100 mL to 4.38 mg/100 mL and 6.87 mg/100 mL to 7.20 mg/100 mL, respectively, showing no significant variation throughout the lactation period. However, their relative content increased as lactation progressed. The relative content of SM rose from 11.91% in colostrum to 13.20% in mature milk, while that of Cer increased from 18.67% to 21.99%. A total of 30 SM molecular species and 29 Cer molecular species were identified in human milk. Among SM molecules, SM d18∶ 1/24∶ 1 was the most abundant, whereas Cer d18∶ 1/24∶ 1 was the predominant Cer species. Furthermore, 18 and 16 fatty acids were identified in SM and Cer, respectively, with nervonic acid being the most abundant in both, accounting for 36.57% of total fatty acids in SM and 47.14% in Cer. The unique fatty acid profiles and high nervonic acid content in SM and Cer may play a critical role in infant neurodevelopment. |
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