| 金银春1，叶敏1，孙亮2，李鑫萍2，李强3，迟西文3，余凌帆1，陈善波1.四川秦巴山区核桃主栽品种综合评价分析[J].中国油脂,2026,52(3):.[JIN Yinchun1, YE Min1, SUN Liang2, LI Xinping2, LI Qiang3,
CHI Xiwen3, YU Lingfan1, CHEN Shanbo1.Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the main walnut cultivars in the Qinba Mountain Area of Sichuan Province[J].China Oils and Fats,2026,52(3):.] |
| 四川秦巴山区核桃主栽品种综合评价分析 |
| Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the main walnut cultivars in the Qinba Mountain Area of Sichuan Province |
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投稿时间：2025-02-18 修订日期：2025-11-18 录用日期：2025-03-17
出版日期：2026-03-20
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.250078 |
| 中文关键词: 秦巴山区 核桃 粗蛋白质 粗脂肪 出仁率 脂肪酸 抗性 |
| 英文关键词:Qinba Mountain Area walnut crude protein crude fat kernel percentage fatty acid resistance |
| 基金项目:四川省科技厅省级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费（2024JBKY05） |
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| Author Name | Affiliation | | JIN Yinchun1, YE Min1, SUN Liang2, LI Xinping2, LI Qiang3,
CHI Xiwen3, YU Lingfan1, CHEN Shanbo1 | 1.Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China
2.Guangyuan Walnut Industry Technology Research
Institute, Guangyuan 615000, Sichuan, China
3.Bazhong Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,
Bazhong 636600, Sichuan, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 旨在为四川秦巴山区现有核桃品种优化升级及精深加工提供科学依据，对四川秦巴山区20个核桃栽培品种的表型定性指标、表型定量指标、病（虫）害指数、粗蛋白质含量及氨基酸组分、粗脂肪含量及脂肪酸组分进行测定，并对相关指标进行变异分析、聚类分析和综合评价。结果表明：20个核桃品种的病果率为0.7%~9.3%，病害指数为0.17~0.23，虫害指数为0.17~0.29，其中盐源早、旺核2号抗病（虫）性较强；核桃单果质量和仁质量的变异系数较大，分别为18.42%和1725%；表型定性和定量指标聚类分析结果表明，在欧氏距离为20时，20个核桃品种分别被聚为4类和3类；20个品种核桃仁中粗蛋白质含量为16.80~21.50 g/100 g，变异系数为8.49%，氨基酸总量为13.20~20.10 g/100 g，变异系数为11.24%；20个品种核桃仁中粗脂肪含量为41.10%~61.00%，变异系数为11.07%，饱和脂肪酸含量为8.45%~10.57%，不饱和脂肪酸含量为8945%~91.63%，亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的总含量超过50%，脂肪酸组分变异系数为9.05%~100.00%；粗蛋白质及氨基酸含量、粗脂肪及脂肪酸含量聚类分析结果表明，在欧氏距离为15时，20个核桃品种分别被聚为3类和2类；综合评价分析结果表明，排名靠前的品种有绵核1号、红仁核桃、蜀兴6号、巴山乌米籽2号、蜀江2号、盐源早，其中绵核1号、红仁核桃、蜀兴6号在出仁率、必需脂肪酸含量方面具有比较优势，巴山乌米籽2号、蜀江2号在粗脂肪含量方面具有比较优势，盐源早在抗病（虫）性方面具有比较优势。综上，秦巴山区核桃品种各有优势，应根据利用方向开展品种优化和定向栽培，克服品种混杂的不足。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To provide a scientific basis for the optimization, upgrading, and intensive processing of existing walnut varieties in the Qinba Mountain Area of Sichuan, the phenotypic qualitative and quantitative indicators, disease (pest) damage indexes, crude protein content and amino acid composition, as well as crude fat content and fatty acid composition of 20 walnut cultivars cultivated in the Qinba Mountain Area of Sichuan were measured. Additionally, variation analysis, cluster analysis, and comprehensive evaluation on relevant indicators were conducted. The results showed that among the 20 walnut cultivars, the disease fruit rate ranged from 0.7% to 9.3%, the disease damage index ranged from 0.17 to 023, and the pest damage index ranged from 017 to 029. Yanyuanzao and Wanghe No. 2 exhibited relatively strong disease and pest resistance. The coefficients of variation for single fruit weight and kernel weight were relatively high, at 18.42% and 1725%, respectively. Cluster analysis results of phenotypic qualitative and quantitative indicators indicated that at an Euclidean distance of 20, the 20 walnut varieties were clustered into 4 groups and 3 groups, respectively. Crude protein content in walnut kernels of 20 varieties ranged from 16.80 g/100 g to 21.50 g/100 g, with a coefficient of variation 8.49%. Total amino acid content ranged from 13.20 g/100 g to 20.10 g/100 g, with a coefficient of variation 1124%. Crude fat content in walnut kernels of 20 varieties ranged from 41.10% to 61.00%, with a coefficient of variation 11.07%. Saturated fatty acid content ranged from 8.45% to 10.57%, unsaturated fatty acid content ranged from 89.45% to 9163%, with the combined content of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid exceeding 50%. The coefficient of variation for fatty acid composition ranged from 905% to 100.00%. Cluster analysis results for crude protein and amino acid contents, as well as crude fat and fatty acid contents, indicated that at an Euclidean distance of 15, the 20 walnut varieties were clustered into 3 groups and 2 groups, respectively. Through comprehensive evaluation, the top-ranking cultivars included Mianhe No. 1, Hongren Walnut, Shuxing No. 6, Bashan Wumizi No. 2, Shujiang No. 2, and Yanyuanzao. Mianhe No. 1, Hongren Walnut, and Shuxing No. 6 had comparative advantages in terms of kernel percentage and the proportion of essential fatty acids. Bashan Wumizi No.2 and Shujiang No. 2 had comparative advantages in crude fat content, while Yanyuanzao had a comparative advantage in disease and pest resistance. In conclusion, walnut cultivars in the Qinba Mountain Area each have their own advantages, and variety optimization and directional cultivation should be carried out according to the intended utilization direction to overcome the shortcomings of mixed varieties. |
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