| 梁红玉，赵灿，贾凤维，王玉峰，李铠含，刘霞，周素珍，范金波.酶法合成人乳替代脂的研究进展[J].中国油脂,2026,51(8):.[LIANG Hongyu, ZHAO Can, JIA Fengwei, WANG Yufeng, LI Kaihan,
LIU Xia, ZHOU Suzhen, FAN Jinbo.Research progress on enzymatic synthesis of human milk fat substitutes[J].China Oils and Fats,2026,51(8):.] |
| 酶法合成人乳替代脂的研究进展 |
| Research progress on enzymatic synthesis of human milk fat substitutes |
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投稿时间：2025-06-18 修订日期：2026-03-16 录用日期：2025-09-09
出版日期：
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.250288 |
| 中文关键词: 人乳替代脂 酶法合成 1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯 1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯 |
| 英文关键词:human milk fat substitutes enzymatic synthesis 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划重大专项课题（2023YFF1103502） |
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| Author Name | Affiliation | | LIANG Hongyu, ZHAO Can, JIA Fengwei, WANG Yufeng, LI Kaihan,
LIU Xia, ZHOU Suzhen, FAN Jinbo | College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning,China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 人乳脂肪中1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯（OPO）和1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯（OPL）等结构脂是婴幼儿理想的膳食脂肪。为给富含OPO和OPL的人乳替代脂（HMFS）在婴幼儿配方奶粉中的应用和规模化生产提供参考，综述了近年来酶法合成OPO/OPL的途径、影响因素以及分离纯化方法，总结了目前国内合成OPO/OPL面临的问题并进行了展望。相比于一步酶法反应（酸解或酯交换），两步酶法反应（醇解-酯交换、酸解-酸解、酯交换-酸解等）合成的OPO/OPL纯度与产率更高，但存在产物复杂、难分离等缺点。影响OPO/OPL产率的因素有脂肪酶选择性和浓度、水分活度、溶剂、底物比、反应温度和反应时间等，其中脂肪酶的选择性是最主要影响因素。OPO/OPL的分离纯化方法中硅胶柱层析分离效果好但通量低，适用于实验室研究；分提法成本低但得率有限；分子蒸馏法的设备昂贵，适合高附加值产品。由于国产脂肪酶存在选择性低、稳定性差、成本高等问题，目前国内合成OPO/OPL依赖进口脂肪酶。未来需构建目标专一的国产高效脂肪酶，发展低成本连续化耦合分离技术，以提升OPO/OPL工业化可行性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Structured lipids such as 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) in human milk fat are ideal dietary fats for infants. To provide a reference for the application and large-scale production of human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) rich in OPO and OPL in infant formula, recent advances in the enzymatic synthesis path, influencing factors, and separation and purification methods for OPO/OPL were reviewed. Current challenges in the domestic synthesis of OPO/OPL and future perspectives were also summarized. Compared with one-step enzymatic reactions (acidolysis or transesterification), two-step enzymatic reactions (alcoholysis-transesterification, acidolysis-acidolysis, transesterification-acidolysis, etc.) yield OPO/OPL with higher purity and yield, but suffer from drawbacks such as complex product mixtures that are difficult to separate. Factors affecting the yield of OPO/OPL include lipase selectivity and concentration, water activity, solvent, substrate ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time, among which the selectivity of lipase is the most critical. Regarding separation and purification methods for synthesized OPO/OPL, silica gel column chromatography offers good separation efficiency but low throughput, making it suitable for laboratory research. Fractionation features low cost but limited yield. Molecular distillation, although requiring expensive equipment, is suitable for high value-added products. Due to issues such as low selectivity, poor stability, and high cost associated with domestic lipases, the current synthesis of OPO/OPL in China relies on imported lipases. Future efforts should focus on constructing highly efficient, target-specific domestic lipases and developing low-cost, continuous coupled separation technologies to enhance industrial feasibility of OPO/OPL. |
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