| 马婷1,2， 宁德鲁1,2， 李勇杰1,2， 耿树香1,2， 张艳丽1,2.3个杂交油橄榄品种果实发育过程中表型性状、含油率及油质的变化[J].中国油脂,2022,47(5):.[MA Ting1,2, NING Delu1,2, LI Yongjie1,2, GENG Shuxiang1,2, ZHANG Yanli1,2.Changes of phenotypic characters, oil content and oil quality of three hybrid olive varieties during fruit development[J].China Oils and Fats,2022,47(5):.] |
| 3个杂交油橄榄品种果实发育过程中表型性状、含油率及油质的变化 |
| Changes of phenotypic characters, oil content and oil quality of three hybrid olive varieties during fruit development |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 杂交油橄榄 采收时间 表型性状 含油率 脂肪酸 |
| 英文关键词:hybrid olive harvest time phenotypic character oil content fatty acid |
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| 摘要点击次数: 468 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确杂交油橄榄品种最佳采收期，以云杂1号、云杂2号和云杂3号为研究对象，于2018年6—10月期间观测果实表型性状、含油率及油质的变化，并采用主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明：随着时间推移，3个品种横径、纵径、单果质量、果肉率、成熟度指数、含油率、亚油酸含量总体呈上升趋势，果形指数、含水量、油酸和亚麻酸含量变化趋势与之相反。不同采收时间各指标差异明显，9月末到10月末，3个品种果实生长趋于稳定，成熟度指数为4.56~5.52，果形指数在1.4左右，单果质量为1.25~1.41 g，果肉率为68.82%~71.94%，鲜果含水量为50.01%~51.53%、含油率为1610%~21.61%。从油质看，脂肪酸组成主要为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸和十六碳烯酸，占总量的98%以上，其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占82%以上。主成分综合评价结果显示，云杂1号最佳采收时间为9月末，云杂2号和云杂3号在10月末采收较为适宜。在最佳采收期综合性状最好的品种依次为云杂2号、云杂3号和云杂1号。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to determine the best harvest time of hybrid olive varieties, three olive hybrid varieties Yunza No. 1, Yunza No. 2 and Yunza No. 3 were observed based on fruit phenotype characters, oil content and oil quality from June to October in 2018, and the principal component analysis was used for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that with the delay of harvest time, the transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, single fruit weight, pulp rate, maturity index, oil content and linoleic acid content of the three varieties showed an upward trend, while the change trends of fruit shape index, water content, oleic acid and linolenic acid content were opposite. There were significant differences in various indexes at different harvest time. From the end of September to the end of October, the fruit growth of the three varieties tended to be stable, the maturity index was 4.56-5.52, the fruit shape index was about 1.4, the single fruit weight was 1.25-1.41 g, the pulp rate was 6882%-7194%, the water content of fresh fruit was 5001%-51.53%, and the oil content of fresh fruit was 16.10%-21.61%. In terms of oil quality, the main fatty acid were oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid and hexadecenoic acid, accounting for more than 98% of the total fatty acids, of which the unsaturated fatty acids content accounted for more than 82%. The principal component analysis showed that the best harvest time of Yunza No. 1 was the end of September, and Yunza No.2 and Yunza No.3 were more suitable to harvest at the end of October. The overall performance at the best harvest time decreased in the order: Yunza No. 2, Yunza No. 3 and Yunza No. 1. |
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