| 崔子雨，孔 娜，刘伟.植物油底物及碱炼条件对其β-胡萝卜素
含量的影响规律[J].中国油脂,2024,49(7):.[CUI Ziyu，KONG Na，LIU Wei.Influence patterns of vegetable oil substrates and alkali refining conditions on their β-carotene content[J].China Oils and Fats,2024,49(7):.] |
| 植物油底物及碱炼条件对其β-胡萝卜素
含量的影响规律 |
| Influence patterns of vegetable oil substrates and alkali refining conditions on their β-carotene content |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 碱炼 β-胡萝卜素 精炼得率 酸值 |
| 英文关键词:alkali refining β-carotene refining yield acid value |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1357 |
| 全文下载次数: 2046 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 旨在为食用油脂的精准适度加工提供理论依据，以大豆油为油样介质，通过添加β-胡萝卜素和不同脂肪酸改变油样组成，探究碱炼过程中不同植物油底物和碱炼条件（碱液质量分数、超量碱添加量、碱炼温度、碱炼时间）对油脂中β-胡萝卜素脱除率及油脂精炼得率的影响，并测定了油脂在不同植物油底物和碱炼条件脱酸后酸值的变化。结果表明：脂肪酸种类对β-胡萝卜素脱除率有显著影响，碱炼生成的饱和皂棕榈酸皂对β-胡萝卜素的脱除率最高（5.92%），不饱和皂亚麻酸皂对β-胡萝卜素的脱除率最低（2.57%）；游离脂肪酸含量为1.2%时，β-胡萝卜素脱除率最高（4.09%）;油脂中β-胡萝卜素含量越多，β-胡萝卜素脱除率越高；碱液质量分数在12%~18%的中强碱有利于β-胡萝卜素的脱除，脱除率为3.73%~4.30%；随着超量碱添加量的增加，β-胡萝卜素脱除率先升高后降低，超量碱添加量为0.1%时，脱除率最高，为4.09%；碱炼温度越低，β-胡萝卜素脱除率越高，在30 ℃时β-胡萝卜素脱除率最高（4.46%）；随着碱炼时间的延长，β-胡萝卜素脱除率不断增加，在碱炼时间超过30 min后，β-胡萝卜素脱除率增长变缓；棕榈酸、硬脂酸显著降低油脂的精炼得率；随着碱液质量分数、超量碱添加量、碱炼温度、碱炼时间、游离脂肪酸含量的增加，油脂精炼得率总体呈下降趋势，β-胡萝卜素含量对油脂精炼得率无显著影响；除含有大量月桂酸的植物油外，碱炼脱酸可以有效地将油脂酸值（KOH）控制在0.04~0.22 mg/g之间。综上，低温、中强碱有助于β-胡萝卜素的脱除，适当缩短碱炼时间有助于β-胡萝卜素的保留。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to provide a theoretical basis for the accurate and moderate processing of edible oils, the composition of oil samples was changed by adding β-carotene and different fatty acids using soybean oil as the oil sample medium, and the effects of different vegetable oil substrates and alkali refining conditions (lye mass fraction, excess alkali addition, alkali refining temperature, and alkali refining time) on the removal rate of β-carotene in oils and the refining yields of oils in alkali refining process were investigated. The changes of acid value of oils after deacidification under different vegetable oil substrates and alkali refining conditions were determined. The results showed that the fatty acid type had a significant effect on the removal rate of β-carotene, and the saturated soap palmitic acid soap generated by alkali refining had the highest removal rate of β-carotene (5.92%), while the unsaturated soap linolenic acid soap had the lowest removal rate of β-carotene (2.57%); when the content of free fatty acid was 1.2%, the removal rate of β-carotene was the highest (4.09%), the more the β-carotene content in oils, the higher the β-carotene removal rate; the medium-strong alkali with the lye mass fraction of 12%-18% was conducive to the removal of β-carotene, with the removal rate of β-carotene ranging from 3.73% to 4.30%; with the increase of excess alkali addition, the removal rate of β-carotene first increased and then decreased, and the highest removal rate of 4.09% was found when the excess alkali addition was 0.1%; the lower the alkali refining temperature was, the higher the removal rate of β-carotene was, and the highest removal rate of β-carotene was found at 30 ℃ (4.46%); with the prolonging of the alkali refining time, the removal rate of β-carotene increased continuously, and the increase of removal rate slowed down after more than 30 min of alkali refining; palmitic acid and stearic acid significantly reduced the refining yield of oils; with the increase of lye mass fraction, excess alkali addition, alkali refining temperature, alkali refining time, and the content of free fatty acids, the refining yield of oils showed an overall decreasing trend, and β-carotene content had no effect on the refining yield of oils. Except for vegetable oils containing a large amount of lauric acid, alkali refining could effectively control the acid value of oils in the range of 0.04-0.22 mgKOH/g. In conclusion, low temperature and the medium-strong alkali can help the removal of β-carotene, and the appropriate shortening of alkali refining time can help the retention of β-carotene. |
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