| 金银春1，任波1，胡定林2，陈善波1，余凌帆1.凉山州14个核桃品种主要经济指标
及脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国油脂,2025,50(01):.[JIN Yinchun1, REN Bo1, HU Dinglin2, CHEN Shanbo1, YU Lingfan1.Analysis of main economic indexes and fatty acid composition of 14 walnut cultivars in Liangshan Prefecture[J].China Oils and Fats,2025,50(01):.] |
| 凉山州14个核桃品种主要经济指标
及脂肪酸组成分析 |
| Analysis of main economic indexes and fatty acid composition of 14 walnut cultivars in Liangshan Prefecture |
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.230368 |
| 中文关键词: 凉山州 核桃 品种 经济指标 脂肪酸 |
| 英文关键词:Liangshan Prefecture walnut cultivar economic index fatty acid |
| 基金项目:四川省林业和草原局省级财政专项资金（2022CZZZ13）；四川省科技计划项目（2023JDZH0009） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为全面评价、合理利用四川省凉山州现有核桃品种，对凉山州14个核桃品种的主要经济指标及脂肪酸组成进行了测定，计算了各指标变异系数和遗传多样性指数，并对各指标进行相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明：14个核桃品种中，粗脂肪含量较高的核桃品种有小圆、美姑大泡、冕漾等，蛋白质含量较高的核桃品种有陆佳、香酥、白鹤滩米核桃等；香酥为高油酸含量品种，利丰紫瓤、大凉山紫伊核桃晚熟2号为高亚油酸含量品种，盐源早、冬晚、利丰紫瓤为高α-亚麻酸含量品种，盐源早、冬晚、小圆的亚油酸与α-亚麻酸含量比值更接近4；出仁率、粗脂肪含量、棕榈酸含量的变异系数较低,均小于10%，说明这3个指标较稳定；主要经济指标与脂肪酸含量的遗传多样性指数的变化范围为1.57~2.14，其中，出仁率的遗传多样性指数最低，十七碳酸含量的遗传多样性指数最高；三径均值与单果质量存在极显著正相关性，蛋白质含量与α-亚麻酸含量存在显著负相关性，油酸含量与亚油酸含量存在极显著负相关性；经聚类分析，在欧氏距离为20时，14个核桃品种被分为2个组群，小圆、香酥聚为一组，其他12个品种聚为一组。综上，14个核桃品种均为当地的优良品种，可对油脂含量高、蛋白质含量高、脂肪酸比例合理及其他特异性指标有优势的品种有针对性地加以利用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to comprehensively evaluate and rationally utilize the existing walnut cultivars in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, the main economic indexes and fatty acid composition of 14 walnut cultivars in Liangshan Prefecture were measured, the coefficient of variation and genetic diversity index of each index were calculated, and correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out for each index. The results showed that among the 14 walnut cultivars, the ones with higher crude fat content were Xiaoyuan, Meigu Dabao, Mianyang, etc., and the ones with higher protein content were Lujia, Xiangsu, Baihetan rice walnut, etc. Xiangsu was a special cultivar with high content of oleic acid, Lifeng Purple Pulp and Daliangshan Ziyi Walnut Late Maturity No. 2 had high content of linoleic acid, Yanyuanzao, Dongwan, Lifeng Purple Pulp had high content of α-linolenic acid. The ratio of linoleic acid content to α-linolenic acid content was close to 4 of Yanyuanzao, Dongwan and Xiaoyuan. The coefficient of variation of kernel yield, crude fat content and palmitic acid content (less than 10%) was low, indicating that these three indexes were stable. The genetic diversity index of the main economic indexes and fatty acid content of 14 walnut cultivars ranged from 1.57 to 2.14, in which the genetic diversity index of the kernel yield was the lowest, and the genetic diversity index of the heptadecanoic acid was the highest. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean value of three diameters and single fruit weight, a significant negative correlation between protein content and α-linolenic acid content, and a significant negative correlation between oleic acid content and linoleic acid content. By cluster analysis, 14 walnut cultivars were divided into 2 groups when Euclidean distance was 20, the Xiaoyuan and Xiangsu were clustered into one group, and the other 12 cultivars were clustered into one group. In conclusion, 14 walnut cultivars are all local excellent cultivars, and walnut cultivars with high fat content, high protein content, reasonable fatty acid ratio and other specific indicators can be utilized in a targeted manner. |
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