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| 负载型固体酸催化合成椰子油脂肪酸酯的工艺研究 |
| Catalytic synthesis process of coconut oil fatty acid ester by supported solid acid |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 椰子油脂肪酸酯 固体酸 催化合成 酯化率 植物油基润滑剂 |
| 英文关键词:coconut oil fatty acid ester solid acid catalytic synthesis esterification rate vegetable oil-based lubricant |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以新制负载型固体酸Zr(SO4)2-Ti(SO4)2/SiO2催化合成椰子油脂肪酸1,6-己二醇酯为探针反应，优化带水剂种类及用量、酸醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间等椰子油脂肪酸酯的合成工艺条件。然后采用其他5种不同分子结构的醇合成了相应的椰子油脂肪酸酯，并通过FTIR表征以上6种合成产物的酯基结构。实验获得的优化合成工艺条件为：带水剂（甲苯）用量8 mL (相对于0.02 mol 1,6-己二醇)，酸醇物质的量比2.5∶?1，催化剂用量6%(以反应物总质量计)，反应时间4.5 h。在最佳条件下，椰子油脂肪酸1,6-己二醇酯合成反应的酯化率高达986%。该固体酸催化剂催化合成椰子油脂肪酸一元醇酯的活性较高(酯化率99.1%)，但其对四元醇酯的催化活性相对较低(酯化率80.3%)。随着醇分子中羟基个数的逐渐增加，固体酸的酯化催化活性降低；当醇羟基数相同时，醇分子支链减少或支链碳数减小都有利于提高固体酸的催化活性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The synthesis conditions of coconut oil fatty acid ester, such as water-entrainer type and dosage, molar ratio of acid to alcohol, catalyst dosage and reaction time, were optimized by the esterification of coconut oil fatty acid with 1, 6-hexanediol as a probe reaction catalyzed by novel supported solid acid Zr(SO4)2-Ti(SO4)2/SiO2. Another five alcohols with different molecular structures were used as the reactants to synthesize five coconut oil fatty acid esters, respectively. The six synthesized esters were characterized by FTIR. The optimal synthesis conditions were obtained as follows: water-entrainer (toluene) dosage 8 mL (in respect to 0.02 mol 1, 6-hexanediol), molar ratio of coconut oil fatty acid to 1,6-hexanediol 2.5∶?1, dosage of catalyst 6% (in respect to the total mass of the reactants) and reaction time 4.5 h. Under the optimal conditions, the esterification rate could reach 98.6%. The catalytic activity of the above solid acid for the synthesis of coconut oil fatty acid ester of monohydroxy alcohol was higher (esterification rate 99.1%), while it was relatively lower (esterification rate 80.3%) for tetrahydroxy alcohol. The catalytic activity decreased with the increase of hydroxyl group in the alcohol molecule. In the case of the same number of hydroxyl group, both the decreases in the branched alkyl chain of alcohol molecule and in the carbon atom of the branched alkyl chain were beneficial to improve the catalytic activity of solid acid. |
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