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| 精炼加工对玉米油营养指标和风险指标的影响 |
| Effects of refining on nutrition and risk indexes of corn germ oil SHANG Gang, DONG Jixuan, YU Hongqi, WANG Wanxiang |
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| DOI：10.12166/j.zgyz.1003-7969/2020.02.004 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米油 精准适度加工 植物甾醇 生育酚 角鲨烯 3-氯丙醇酯 缩水甘油酯 回色 玉米赤霉烯酮 |
| 英文关键词:corn germ oil accurate and moderate processing phytosterol tocopherol squalene 3-MCPDEs glycidyl ester color reversion zearalenone |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0401102） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| ：以玉米油为研究对象，测定了传统精炼过程中原油、中和油、脱色油及成品油的营养指标（植物甾醇、生育酚、角鲨烯）及风险指标（回色变化、玉米赤霉烯酮、3-MCPDEs和缩水甘油酯）的变化情况。结果表明，玉米油回色受原油中磷脂和生育酚含量影响较大，中和、脱色、脱臭工段可有效控制玉米赤霉烯酮，脱臭工段对玉米油营养指标、3-MCPDEs含量和缩水甘油酯含量均有较大影响。结合实验结果将实际精炼工艺参数调整为：中和温度70～85 ℃，中和时间不短于45 min；水洗过程使用检控氯离子的软水，用量大于8%。脱色工段采用柠檬酸（用量100 mg/kg）预脱色，将活性白土、凹凸棒土、膨润土等不同种类的白土根据原油指标进行混合添加，白土活性度选择120~150，脱色真空残压2.5~3.5 kPa，温度100~120 ℃, 脱色时间20~30 min；脱臭工段脱臭温度235～245 ℃，脱臭时间60～80 min，绝对真空度不大于400 Pa，一般保持在200～300 Pa。生产实践表明，新工艺脱色剂用量降低20%，成品油色泽R1.2，回色效应有所改善，ΔR由原工艺的1.2下降至0.8，生育酚、植物甾醇保留率均大于80%，玉米赤霉烯酮去除率达86.2%，3-MCPDEs及缩水甘油酯增加量均有所降低。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Corn germ oil was taken as the research object，and the changes of nutrition indexes(phytosterol, tocopherol, squalene) and risk indexes(color reversion, zearalenone, 3-MCPDEs and glycidyl ester) in the crude oil, neutralized oil, bleached oil and deodorized oil produced in the refining process were determined. The results showed that the color reversion of corn germ oil was greatly affected by the content of phospholipids and tocopherols in the crude oil. The neutralization, bleaching and deodorization sections could effectively control the zearalenone content in corn germ oil, while the deodorization section had great effects on nutrition indexes, 3-MCPDEs and glycidyl ester in corn germ oil. According to the experiment results, the actual refining process parameters were adjusted as follows: the neutralization temperature 70-85 ℃, neutralization time not less than 45 min; soft water with chloride ion checked and controlled used in the water washing process, its dosage higher than 8%; citric acid (dosage 100 mg/kg) used for pre-bleaching, bleaching agent used the mixture of activated clay, attapulgite and bentonite, the activity of bleaching clay 120-150, bleaching pressure 2.5-3.5 kPa, bleaching temperature 100-120 ℃, bleaching time 20-30 min; deodorization temperature 235-245 ℃, deodorization time 60-80 min, absolute vacuum not high than 400 Pa (better to keep at 200-300 Pa). The production practice showed that the amount of bleaching agent in the new process was reduced by 20%, the color of the finished product was R1.2, and the color reversion ΔR was reduced from 1.2 of the traditional process to 0.8 of the new process. The retention rates of tocopherol and phytosterol were more than 80%, the removal rate of zearalenone was 86.2%，and the increases of 3-MCPDEs and glycidyl ester reduced. |
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