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| 陕西汉中油茶果实发育过程表型性状与含油率的变化 |
| Changes of phenotypic characters and oil content of Camellia oleifera during fruit development |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 油茶 果实发育 表型性状 含油率 |
| 英文关键词:Camellia oleifera fruit development phenotypic character oil content |
| 基金项目:陕西省科技厅农业科技创新与攻关项目（2016NY-007）；陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(16JK1144)；陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心项目(QBXT-Z(P)-15-16) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以陕西汉中普通油茶汉油3号、汉油4号、汉油5号、汉油18号和汉油30号作为研究对象，以陕南选育出的优良油茶品种汉油7号、汉油10号、长林4号和长林59号作为参照,对9个品种油茶2018、2019年7—10月果实发育时期的表型性状与种仁含油率进行观察和测定。结果表明：7—8月为果实大小增加的重要时期；7—9月为油茶果实质量增加最快的时间段；果实逐渐成熟的过程中油茶果皮厚度逐步变薄；果实形态分为橄榄形、卵形、球形和桔形4类，其中卵形果实和球形果实数量最多；单果籽重在样品间存在差异，单果籽重最大的为汉油18号样品，均值达到10.84 g，最小的为汉油3号样品，仅为3.18 g；7—10月鲜仁含水率随着种子成熟呈现下降的趋势，9—10月含水率下降最快，干仁率和出籽率随着油茶生长发育逐月上升。多重分析表明，7—8月是油茶果实各项指标变化最大的月份; 相关性分析表明种仁含油率与干仁率呈极显著正相关。通过对汉中多个普通油茶果实表型性状与种仁含油率的研究，初步选出了3个含油率高的小果实品种汉油3号、汉油4号和汉油5号及1个含油率较低的大果实品种汉油18号。研究可为北缘适生区油茶的良种选育与栽培提供理论依据和数据支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Taking Hanzhong common Camellia oleifera Hanyou 3, Hanyou 4, Hanyou 5, Hanyou 18 and Hanyou 30 as the research objects, Hanyou 7, Hanyou 10, Changlin 4 and Changlin 59 were selected as references,and the phenotypic characters and oil content of nine varieties Camellia oleifera during the fruit development period from July to October in 2018 and 2019 were observed and measured. The results showed that from July to August, it was an important period for the increase of fruit size. It was the fastest increase time in the weight of Camellia oleifera fruit from July to September. In the process of fruit ripening, the thickness of pericarp gradually became thinner. The fruit shape was divided into olive shape, ovate, globose and orange shape, in which the number of ovate fruit and globose fruit was the most. The weight of single seed was different among the samples. The weight of single seed of Hanyou 18 was the largest, with mean of 10.84 g, and that of Hanyou 3 was the smallest, with only 3.18 g. The moisture content decreased with seed maturation from July to October, and the moisture content dropped fastest from September to October. The dry kernel rate and seed yield increased with growth and development month by month. Multivariate analysis showed that all of growth factors of Camellia oleifera fruit changed obviously from July to August. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between oil content and dry kernel rate. Based on the study of phenotypic characters and oil content of several Camellia oleifera fruits in Hanzhong, three small fruit varieties Hanyou 3, Hanyou 4 and Hanyou 5 with high oil content and one big fruit variety Hanyou 18 with low oil content were selected. This study provided theoretical basis and data support for the breeding and cultivation of Camellia oleifera in the suitable area of the northern margin. |
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