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| 去衣处理对水法提取核桃仁蛋白质 和脂质的影响 |
| Effects of peeling on aqueous extraction of proteins and lipids from walnut kernels |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 去衣 核桃 蛋白质 脂质 提取率 分离 |
| 英文关键词:peeling walnut protein lipid extraction rate separation |
| 基金项目:江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目（LYKJ\[2020\]句容01） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 核桃衣含有大量的酚类成分，对核桃蛋白和脂质的水法提取存在不利影响，研究了核桃仁去衣处理对水法提取蛋白质和脂质的影响。通过浸泡、去衣（常温、无酸碱）、磨浆（料水质量比1∶ 9）和过滤除渣制取核桃浆，以未去衣核桃仁为对照，首先考察了去衣处理对蛋白质和脂质提取和离心分离(4 000 r/min，15 min）的影响，接着对核桃浆离心分离所得富含蛋白质的沉淀进行了喷雾干燥得到核桃蛋白粉，分析了核桃蛋白粉的基本成分和储藏性。结果显示：去衣处理可将蛋白质和脂质的提取率分别提高至88.03%（未去衣83.20%）和97.76%（未去衣93.80%）；去衣处理有利于脂质和蛋白质分别在离心分离所得上浮（油体富集物）和沉淀中富集，它们的分布分别为8569%（未去衣82.65%）和61.00%（未去衣59.87%），上浮中的脂质干基含量和沉淀中的蛋白质干基含量分别高达95.49%（未去衣88.19%）和85.81%（未去衣70.44%）；上浮、清液和沉淀（离心分离所得三相）中的氨基酸组成也受去衣处理的影响。核桃蛋白粉的蛋白质干基含量为85%以上，其在37 ℃储藏12个月后，无哈败味，Tricine-SDS-PAGE结果显示该蛋白粉也未发生蛋白质交联或降解。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Walnut skins contain a high amount of phenolics, which have negative effects on the aqueous extraction of walnut proteins and lipids. Therefore, the effects of walnut kernel peeling on the aqueous extraction of protein and lipids was studied. The whole walnut kernels were soaked and peeled without heat and chemicals, and then the walnut milk was prepared from the peeled walnut kernels by mixing with water (mass ratio of walnut kernels to water 1∶ 9), grinding and filtrating, with the whole walnut kernels as control. Firstly, the effects of peeling on proteins and lipids in extraction and centrifugal separation (4 000 r/min, 15 min) of walnut milk were investigated. Then the protein-rich precipitate obtained by centrifugation from walnut milk was spray-dried, and the basic components and storage stability of the protein powder were analyzed. The results showed that the peeling treatment respectively increased the extraction rate of proteins and lipids to 88.03% (unpeeling 8320%) and 97.76% (unpeeling 93.80%), and also enhanced the respective distribution of lipids and proteins into the floating (oil body concentrate) and precipitate fractions obtained by centrifugation, and their distribution were 85.69% (unpeeling 82.65%) and 61.00% (unpeeling 59.87%), respectively. The lipid content (dry basis) in floating and protein content (dry basis) in precipitate were as high as 95.49% (unpeeling 88.19%) and 8581% (unpeeling 7044%), respectively. The amino acid compositions in floating, skim and precipitate obtained by centrifugal separation were also affected by peeling treatment. The walnut protein powder had a protein content higher than 85%. After storage at 37 ℃ for 12 months, there was no rancid odor, and the Tricine-SDS-PAGE results showed that the protein powder did not show crosslinking or degradation. |
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