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| Effects of peanut variety on extraction and separation of protein and lipid by aqueous extraction processing and activity of endogenous protease |
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| KeyWord:peanut variety protein lipid extraction and separation endogenous proteases free amino acid |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to screen peanut varieties suitable for aqueous extraction processing and reduce the allergenicity of peanut protein, five peanut varieties were collected for study. Firstly, their lipid and protein contents were compared, and the protein and lipid was extracted and separated by aqueous extraction processing. Then, the effects of peanut variety on extraction rates of lipid and protein, and separation efficiency of lipid and protein were investigated. Finally, the activities of endogenous proteases (endopeptidases and exopeptidases) of different peanut varieties were compared. The results showed that the lipid (46.95%-51.35%) and protein (24.66%-29.68%) contents were different among peanut varieties. The protein extraction rate (91.86%-97.77%) was obviously affected by varieties, while the lipid extraction rate (about 98%) was not. The effects of centrifugal separation of protein and lipid in different varieties of peanut milk were different. The distribution proportion of protein in protein liquid was 85.32%-97.34%, whereas the distribution proportion of lipid in emulsion was 68.75%-81.24%. Baisha 308 was the best for the centrifugal separation of lipid and proteins. Endogenous protease activity in the range of pH 3-5 was different among peanut varieties, but the endopeptidases in all varieties showed the highest activity at pH 3, which could effectively hydrolyze the allergen protein Ara h 1. The activity of exopeptidases in all varieties enhanced with the increase of pH. At pH 5, Silihong exerted the highest exopeptidase activity. Huayu showed the highest synergistic activity of endopeptidases and exopeptidases at pH 3, while the other four varieties were the highest at pH 5. In conclusion, Baisha 308 can be used as a reference variety for peanut aqueous extraction processing, and the endogenous protease activity of Silihong is the strongest. |
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