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| 蛋黄油脂质组分的提取分离与脂肪酸组成分析 |
| Extraction, separation and fatty acid composition analysis of yolk oil lipid components |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 蛋黄油 脂质 溶剂萃取法 分离 脂肪酸组成 |
| 英文关键词:yolk oil lipid solvent extraction method separation fatty acid composition |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项（2018YFDO400305） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为将蛋黄油分为不同性质的脂质组分，并建立一种从蛋黄粉中提取分离蛋黄油的方法，利用溶剂萃取法从蛋黄粉中提取蛋黄油，以出油率、碘值和皂化值为指标筛选蛋黄油提取萃取剂、去磷脂蛋黄油提取萃取剂以及去磷脂蛋黄油分离萃取剂；对除磷脂外的3种蛋黄油组分进行脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明：以无水乙醇作为一次提取萃取剂从蛋黄粉中得到醇提蛋黄油与醇提蛋黄粉，用石油醚对醇提蛋黄粉进行二次提取得到石油醚蛋黄油，采用丙酮以料液比1∶ 12分离醇提蛋黄油中磷脂并得到去磷脂醇提蛋黄油，以乙腈-乙醇（体积比1∶ 1）分离去磷脂醇提蛋黄油得到上层蛋黄油与下层蛋黄油；蛋黄粉中的脂质被分为4个组分，其中上层蛋黄油占18.43%，下层蛋黄油占40.62%，石油醚蛋黄油占9.78%，磷脂占31.16%；3种液态蛋黄油中,上层蛋黄油不饱和度最高，多不饱和脂肪酸占比最大(20.52%)，还含有较多ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸等具有保健功效的脂肪酸。该方法可分离出蛋黄油中高多不饱和脂肪酸和较高保健功效脂肪酸占比的液态脂质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To divide yolk oil into lipid components with different properties, and to establish a method for extracting and separating yolk oil from yolk powder, the yolk oil was extracted from yolk powder by solvent extraction method. With oil yield, iodine value and saponification value as indexes, the yolk oil extraction extractant, non-phospholipid yolk oil extraction extractant and non-phospholipid yolk oil separating extractant were selected. In addition, fatty acid compositions of three yolk oil components except phospholipid were analyzed. The results showed that the alcohol-extracted yolk oil and the alcohol-extracted yolk powder were obtained from yolk powder with anhydrous ethanol as a primary extraction extractant. The alcohol-extracted yolk powder was extracted with petroleum ether to obtain petroleum ether yolk oil. The alcohol-extracted yolk oil was separated with acetone to obtain non-phospholipid alcohol-extracted yolk oil under the conditions of material to liquid ratio 1∶ 12. Non-phospholipid alcohol-extracted yolk oil was extracted with acetonitrile ethanol mixed solution in equal proportion and stratified to obtain upper and lower yolk oil. Lipids in yolk powder could be divided into four components, the upper yolk oil accounted for 18.43%, the lower yolk oil accounted for 40.62%, petroleum ether yolk oil accounted for 9.78%, and phospholipid accounted for 31.16%. Among the three liquid yolk oils, the upper yolk oil had the highest degree of unsaturation and the largest proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (20.52%), and it also contained more ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and many other fatty acids with health benefits. The liquid with high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid and fatty acid with health benefits can be obtained from yolk oil with this method. |
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