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| Economic characters of Xiangling walnut fruit at Huanglong during ripening |
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| DOI： |
| KeyWord:Xiangling walnut harvest time phenotypic character internal quality fatty acid |
| FundProject:国家重点研发计划（2019YFD1002401） |
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| Abstract: |
| To provide theoretical basis for walnut quality control and timely mechanized harvesting, with Xiangling walnut at Huanglong of Shaanxi as raw material, samples were collected on August 6th, August 13th, August 18th, August 23th, August 30th, September 6th, September 10th, September 13th, September 17th and September 21th in 2021, their phenotypic characters (three diameter and mass of fresh fruit and nuts, kernel yield, color values of green husk and kernel) and internal quality indexes (moisture content, soluble sugar content, protein content and oil content of kernels, composition and content of fatty acids of oil, total phenol content and total flavonoids content of pellicle) were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the mass and three diameter of fresh fruit, and kernel yield increased and then remained stable with the delay of harvest time. Timely postponement of harvest time was beneficial to increase walnut yield. The color of walnut green husk changed from dark-green to yellow-green with the delay of harvest time, while the kernel color changed from bright white to milky yellow, and the change in color of the green husk and kernel occurred on September 6th. Moisture content and protein content of kernel decreased and then kept stable with the delay of harvest time. The soluble sugar content of kernel decreased continuously with the delay of harvest time, while the oil content increased with the delay of harvest time, but the oil content decreased when the harvest time was too late. The fatty acid content of walnut oil varied with different harvest time, but its species remained unchanged. Total phenol content and total flavonoid content of pellicle showed the same trend that increased with the delay of harvest time. There were transformation and competition among fatty acid components. The protein content and soluble sugar content were significantly or very significantly negatively correlated with kernel yield, transverse diameter and lateral diameter of fresh fruit (p<0.05 or p<0.01), while oil content, total phenol content, total flavonoid content and saturated fatty acid content were significantly positively correlated with kernel yield, transverse diameter and lateral diameter of fresh fruit (p<0.01). It was concluded that Xiangling walnut at Huanglong of Shaanxi was suitable for harvesting after September 17th through principal component analysis of main economic characters of walnut. |
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