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| 黄龙‘香玲’核桃果实成熟过程中经济性状研究 |
| Economic characters of Xiangling walnut fruit at Huanglong during ripening |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: ‘香玲’核桃 采收时间 表观性状 内在品质 脂肪酸 |
| 英文关键词:Xiangling walnut harvest time phenotypic character internal quality fatty acid |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2019YFD1002401） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 旨在为核桃品质调控、机械化适时采收等提供理论依据,以陕西省黄龙县广泛种植的‘香玲’核桃为试验材料，分别于2021年8月6日、8月13日、8月18日、8月23日、8月30日、9月6日、9月10日、9月13日、9月17日、9月21日进行采样，测定其表观性状指标（鲜果三径、鲜果质量、坚果三径、坚果质量、出仁率，青皮与核仁色值）及内在品质指标（核仁含水率、可溶性糖含量、蛋白质含量、含油率，核桃油脂肪酸组成及含量，内种皮总酚含量、总黄酮含量）,并进行综合分析。结果表明：随采收时间的推迟，核桃鲜果质量、鲜果三径、出仁率总体呈先上升后保持稳定的变化趋势，适时推迟采收时间有利于提高核桃产量；核桃青皮颜色随采收时间的推迟由青绿色向黄绿色转变,核仁颜色从亮白色向乳黄色转变，并且核桃青皮与核仁颜色转变的节点是9月6日；核仁含水率与蛋白质含量随采收时间的推迟持续下降后基本保持稳定；核仁可溶性糖含量总体随采收时间的推迟持续下降，含油率则随采收时间的推迟总体呈上升趋势，但采收过迟含油率则会下降；不同采收时间核桃油脂肪酸组分含量存在差异，但脂肪酸种类保持不变；内种皮总酚与总黄酮含量总体变化趋势基本一致，均随着采收时间的推迟持续增加；脂肪酸各组分之间存在转化竞争关系，蛋白质、可溶性糖含量与鲜果横径、鲜果侧径、出仁率呈显著或极显著负相关（p<0.05或p<0.01），含油率、总酚、总黄酮、饱和脂肪酸含量则与鲜果横径、鲜果侧径、出仁率呈极显著正相关(p<0.01);对核桃主要经济性状进行主成分分析，认为陕西黄龙‘香玲’核桃适宜在9月17日之后采收。
关键词：‘香玲’核桃；采收时间；表观性状；内在品质；脂肪酸 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To provide theoretical basis for walnut quality control and timely mechanized harvesting, with Xiangling walnut at Huanglong of Shaanxi as raw material, samples were collected on August 6th, August 13th, August 18th, August 23th, August 30th, September 6th, September 10th, September 13th, September 17th and September 21th in 2021, their phenotypic characters (three diameter and mass of fresh fruit and nuts, kernel yield, color values of green husk and kernel) and internal quality indexes (moisture content, soluble sugar content, protein content and oil content of kernels, composition and content of fatty acids of oil, total phenol content and total flavonoids content of pellicle) were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the mass and three diameter of fresh fruit, and kernel yield increased and then remained stable with the delay of harvest time. Timely postponement of harvest time was beneficial to increase walnut yield. The color of walnut green husk changed from dark-green to yellow-green with the delay of harvest time, while the kernel color changed from bright white to milky yellow, and the change in color of the green husk and kernel occurred on September 6th. Moisture content and protein content of kernel decreased and then kept stable with the delay of harvest time. The soluble sugar content of kernel decreased continuously with the delay of harvest time, while the oil content increased with the delay of harvest time, but the oil content decreased when the harvest time was too late. The fatty acid content of walnut oil varied with different harvest time, but its species remained unchanged. Total phenol content and total flavonoid content of pellicle showed the same trend that increased with the delay of harvest time. There were transformation and competition among fatty acid components. The protein content and soluble sugar content were significantly or very significantly negatively correlated with kernel yield, transverse diameter and lateral diameter of fresh fruit (p<0.05 or p<0.01), while oil content, total phenol content, total flavonoid content and saturated fatty acid content were significantly positively correlated with kernel yield, transverse diameter and lateral diameter of fresh fruit (p<0.01). It was concluded that Xiangling walnut at Huanglong of Shaanxi was suitable for harvesting after September 17th through principal component analysis of main economic characters of walnut. |
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