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| Comparison and analysis of nutritional components of red kernel walnuts and their oils from different producing areas in China |
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| DOI： |
| KeyWord:red kernel walnut producing area mineral element fatty acid vitamin E sterol |
| FundProject:陕西省重点研发计划一般项目（2022NY-007）;国家自然科学基金项目（31671888） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHU Zhenbao1, ZHANG Fang1, DUAN Yifan1, DONG Zhaobin2, WANG Genxian2 | 1.College of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi′an 710021,
China； 2.Shangluo Shengda Industrial Co. , Ltd. , Luonan 726100, Shaanxi, China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to promote the further development, utilization and the deep processing products research of red kernel walnuts, red kernel walnuts from 7 producing areas in China, including Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, and etc. were used as raw materials, the content of basic nutrients, mineral elements and VE of red kernel walnut kernels, phenolic substances in the seed coat, as well as the fatty acid, sterol, and squalene of red kernel walnut oil were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the contents of crude fat, crude protein, and total sugar in red kernel walnuts from 7 producing areas were 60.77-7389,14.84-17.21 g/100 g, and 8.72-14.29 g/100 g, respectively. Eight mineral elements (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) were detected, and the highest contents of macroelement K and trace element Fe were found in the red kernel walnut of Pingshun, Shanxi. The average value of total VE in red kernel walnuts was 394.81 mg/kg, and it was mainly γ-tocopherol+ β-tocotrienol. The total phenol content in the seed coat was the highest in the red kernel walnut of Shangluo Bayi Base, Shaanxi, at 462.23 mg/g. The total flavonoid content in the seed coat was the highest in red kernel walnut of Shangluo Shimen Base, Shaanxi, at 330.89 mg/g. The anthocyanin content in the seed coat of red kernel walnut from Pingshun, Shanxi was the highest, at 0.65 mg/g. A total of 10 fatty acids were detected in red kernel walnut oil from 7 producing areas, mainly linole acid, oleic acid and α- linoleic acid. The linoleic acid contents of red kernel walnut oil from Dali,Yunnan and Pingshun, Shanxi were higher. The average total sterol content in red kernel walnut oil from 7 producing areas was 231.94 mg/100 g, and it was mainly sitosterol. Among them, the content of sitosterol in red kernel walnut oil from Shangluo Shimen Base, Shaanxi was the highest, with a ratio of 72.08%. The average squalene content of red kernel walnut oil from 7 producing areas was 23.45 mg/kg, and the highest content was 37.34 mg/kg in red kernel walnut oil from Chengxian, Gansu. In summary, there are certain differences in the content of nutritional composition of red kernel walnuts and their oils from different producing areas, but the overall nutritional composition is the same, and the types and contents of lipid concomitants in their oils are relatively rich, which have high development and utilization value. |
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