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| Pollution levels and source of chloropropanol esters, glycidyl esters and phthalates in commercial walnut oil |
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| DOI：10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.240057 |
| KeyWord:walnut oil chloropropanol ester glycidyl ester plasticizers oil refining |
| FundProject:陕西省重点研发计划一般项目（2022NY-007）；国家自然科学基金项目（31671888） |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate the pollution level and source of chloropropanol esters, glycidyl esters (GEs) and phthalates (PAEs) in commercial walnut oil, the contents of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol ester (3-MCPDE), 2-chloro-1,3-propanediol ester (2-MCPDE), GEs and 18 PAEs in 30 batches of commercial walnut oil were analyzed and detected, and dietary exposure assessment was performed. The sources of these pollutants were analyzed by measuring the changes in the contents of these pollutants during the refining process. The results showed that among 30 commercial walnut oils, chloropropanol esters or GEs were detected in 22 samples, and PAEs were detected in 28 samples. The range of 3-MCPDE content in commercial walnut oil was from undetected to 1 259.86 μg/kg, with an detection rate of 70.00%, an average of 414.34 μg/kg and a median of 372.76 μg/kg. The content of 2-MCPDE ranged from undetected to 717.82 μg/kg, with an detection rate of 6.67%. The content range of GEs was from undetected to 803.64 μg/kg, with an detection rate of 3.33%. The content of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in PAEs ranged from undetected to 3.39 mg/kg, with an average of 0.56 mg/kg, a median of 0.47 mg/kg, and an exceeding rate of 56.7%. The content of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) ranged from undetected to 11.64 mg/kg, with an average of 1.53 mg/kg, a median of 0.60 mg/kg, and an exceeding rate of 30.0%. The content range of diisononyl phthalate (DINP) was from undetected to 6.10 mg/kg, and there was no exceeding standard. The results of dietary exposure assessment showed that the contents of 3-MCPDE, DBP and DEHP in commercial walnut oil were at a safe level, and the risk of health hazards was low. Through the detection and analysis of the content of chloropropanol esters, GEs and PAEs in crude walnut oil and refined oil in different refining stage, it was found that PAEs were mainly derived from the exogenous migration of the oil production process. In contrast, chloropropanol esters and GEs were products in the refining process. With the increase of deodorization temperature, the content of PAEs decreased, while the content of chloropropanol esters and GEs increased sharply. The refining process was closely related to the level of these pollutants. To sum up, it is necessary to strictly control the quality of walnut raw materials, improve and optimize the refining process, so as to control the levels of chloropropanol esters, GEs and PAEs, and improve the quality of walnut oil. |
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